Error During Exchange 2013 Mailbox Transport Role Install On Server 2012 

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  I was installing Exchange 2013 on Server 2012.  The server is not a DC, but is a member of a domain with a 2008 R2 functional level, and I was logged in as a domain admin.  There has never been an Exchange instance on this domain.  I got past the prerequisite checks, and the installer showed 15 steps, so I walked away.  When I came back, I saw this:

  Step 8 of 15: Mailbox role: Transport service

  Error:
  The following error was generated when "$error.Clear(); 
            $maxWait = New-TimeSpan -Minutes 8
            $timeout = Get-Date;
            $timeout = $timeout.Add($maxWait);
            $currTime = Get-Date;
            $successfullySetConfigDC = $false;

            while($currTime -le $timeout)
            {
              $setSharedCDCErrors = @();
              try
              {
                Set-SharedConfigDC -DomainController $RoleDomainController -ErrorVariable setSharedCDCErrors -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue;
                $successfullySetConfigDC = ($setSharedCDCErrors.Count -eq 0);

                if($successfullySetConfigDC)
                {
                  break;
                }
                Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("An error ocurred while setting shared config DC. Error: " + $setSharedCDCErrors[0]);
              }
              catch
              {
                Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("An exception ocurred while setting shared config DC. Exception: " + $_.Exception.Message);
              }

              Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Waiting 30 seconds before attempting again.");
              Start-Sleep -Seconds 30;
              $currTime = Get-Date;
            }

            if( -not $successfullySetConfigDC)
            {
              Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Error "Unable to set shared config DC.";
            }
          " was run: "Unable to set shared config DC.".